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Short Stories of Science and Invention

A Collection of Radio Talks by
Charles F. Kettering

INDEX

55.   Twice in a Lifetime


     When the gasoline job was finished, our division, which was making refrigerators and air conditioning units, asked Thomas Midgley, head of the Organic Chemistry Department to take up the work on refrigerants. A set of ideal specifications was written. The new gas must be non-inflammable. It must be non-toxic. It must be non-irritating, and it should not be expensive. But, studying all the available scientific tables and data, it was found that only a few things could even be considered, and there were some objections to each one.

     There was a bare possibility that some could be combined so that the bad qualities would neutralize each other.

     Looking at the tables, one of the most promising group of chemicals contained Fluorine, but Fluorine had a bad reputation - even to a high school chemist. Midgley said of the work, "We plotted the boiling points, worked slide rules, brushed away eraser dirt and pencil shavings and did all the other formalities that take the place of tea leaves and crystal balls in the life of a scientific fortune teller."

     After this had gone on for a long time, the search focused on one compound which, for the sake of simplicity, they called F-12.



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- 100 -
Sophie Germain
Gertrude Elion
Ernest Rutherford
James Chadwick
Marcel Proust
William Harvey
Johann Goethe
John Keynes
Carl Gauss
Paul Feyerabend
- 90 -
Antoine Lavoisier
Lise Meitner
Charles Babbage
Ibn Khaldun
Euclid
Ralph Emerson
Robert Bunsen
Frederick Banting
Andre Ampere
Winston Churchill
- 80 -
John Locke
Bronislaw Malinowski
Bible
Thomas Huxley
Alessandro Volta
Erwin Schrodinger
Wilhelm Roentgen
Louis Pasteur
Bertrand Russell
Jean Lamarck
- 70 -
Samuel Morse
John Wheeler
Nicolaus Copernicus
Robert Fulton
Pierre Laplace
Humphry Davy
Thomas Edison
Lord Kelvin
Theodore Roosevelt
Carolus Linnaeus
- 60 -
Francis Galton
Linus Pauling
Immanuel Kant
Martin Fischer
Robert Boyle
Karl Popper
Paul Dirac
Avicenna
James Watson
William Shakespeare
- 50 -
Stephen Hawking
Niels Bohr
Nikola Tesla
Rachel Carson
Max Planck
Henry Adams
Richard Dawkins
Werner Heisenberg
Alfred Wegener
John Dalton
- 40 -
Pierre Fermat
Edward Wilson
Johannes Kepler
Gustave Eiffel
Giordano Bruno
JJ Thomson
Thomas Kuhn
Leonardo DaVinci
Archimedes
David Hume
- 30 -
Andreas Vesalius
Rudolf Virchow
Richard Feynman
James Hutton
Alexander Fleming
Emile Durkheim
Benjamin Franklin
Robert Oppenheimer
Robert Hooke
Charles Kettering
- 20 -
Carl Sagan
James Maxwell
Marie Curie
Rene Descartes
Francis Crick
Hippocrates
Michael Faraday
Srinivasa Ramanujan
Francis Bacon
Galileo Galilei
- 10 -
Aristotle
John Watson
Rosalind Franklin
Michio Kaku
Isaac Asimov
Charles Darwin
Sigmund Freud
Albert Einstein
Florence Nightingale
Isaac Newton


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