This item from the periodical Manufacturer
and Builder, 1880, describes the use of a Brayton engine
to power watercraft.
Petroleum vs. Steam.
To
THE EDITOR OF THE MANUFACTURER AND BUILDER:
Some weeks ago there arrived at this
port a
government launch on the U. S. S. “Tallapoosa,”
which boat
was afterward towed to Exeter by the “La Chiquita.”
This
launch was furnished by the navy department at Washington to the Exeter
Machine Works for experimental purposes, and has been fitted with a
novel motive power, said power consisting of what is known as the
Brayton petroleum engine, the motive power of which consists of a gas
cylinder and air pump, placed longitudinally side by side, and
connected to the same crank shaft. The power is originated by the
combustion of petroleum oil in the gas cylinder, which is supplied with
compressed air from a receiver, in which it is kept at the desired
pressure through the agency of the air pump, the speed of the engine
being increased or diminished by graduating the quantity of air
introduced into the gas cylinder from the air tank. The engine makes
about 300 revolutions a minute, and the main (or gas) cylinder is kept cool by water which circulates up
through one piston rod and piston head, passing out through the other piston rod. On the shaft is a large spur
wheel which gears on to the wheel that drives the propeller. The connection with the propeller shaft is
one of the most ingenious features of the invention; the engine always
moves in the same direction, whether the boat is going ahead or
backing, the motion of the screw being governed by two cog-wheels, one
of which it drives forward and the other backward; these are controlled
by friction clutches, which are operated by air pressure from the tank.
The propeller is under the direct control of the pilot, who governs its
direction by means of a small lever located close to the wheel, so that
the going ahead, easing and reversing are entirely independent of the
engineer. The motive power is obtained from petroleum, contained in a
small tank forward, which is fed to the engine automatically as
required. The machinery is almost entirely below the water-line, which
adds to the steadiness of the vessel, and is entirely concealed from
view.
C. R. S.
Portsmouth,
N. H., September 25th, 1880.
From: Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol.12, No.10, October 1880, published
by Western and Company, N.Y., page
236. (Source)
Links:
- A description
originally written in 1875, and updated in Johnson's
(revised) Universal Cyclopaedia
- George
Brayton's Engine from Transactions of the ASME (1902)
- Today in
Science History web page for George Brayton's day of
birth, 3 Oct
1830.